Paradoxically, however, despite its immense contribution to the upkeep of the nigerian state, the region has suffered monumental neglect and deprivation over the yearsthis has resulted in widespread poverty, excruciating hardship, complete lack of. Sep 19, 2018 in view of the dire humanitarian consequences of this situation, the article submits that herdsmen militancy constitutes a major threat to human and national security in nigeria. It also aims at making policy recommendations and proffering sustainable solutions that will ensure national security in nigeria. Akure ajapa community in arogbo 11, ese odo council area of ondo state, is fast becoming a haven for criminals of all shades. In 2007, the temporary truce between mend and the nigerian state declared in mid2006 collapsed, resulting in a further deterioration of the security situation in the niger delta. Ethnic militancy and internal terrorism on nigeria s national security, international journal of development and conflict, gokhale institute of politics and economics, vol. This article places both rebellions in comparative perspective.
These militant activities would negatively impact on the image and economy of nigeria. It makes a case for a pragmatic policy capable of mitigating the myriad socioecological factors that tend to trigger herdsmen militancy, with prohibition on open. The boko haram kidnappings and islamist militancy in nigeria. The niger delta is richly endowed with abundant hydrocarbon resources that place nigeria as the seventh largest producer of oil in the world. Armament and disarmament in nigeria juxtaposing nigerdelta militancy and boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria. During the years of military dictatorship conflict of all forms is it communal or ethnic. Youth restiveness, militancy and the intractable problems of. Niger delta history pdf the oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis. The attempt to introduce sharia law in kaduna state led to rioting between the year 2000 and 2001, and left thousands dead and properties destroyed. New wave of militancy in the niger delta the fund for peace.
It argues that agitation for resource control either political or economic has a direct correlation with ethnic militancy. Counselling strategies for addressing militancy and social restiveness in nigeria with abstract, chapters 15, references and questionnaire. Youth restiveness, militancy and the intractable problems of the niger delta by austin emaduku this lecture was delivered on october 1, 2016, as part of activities by the national association of. Click download or read online button to get the politics of biafra and future of nigeria book now. Amnesty, development, fragility, militancy, niger delta, nigeria. The restoration of democratic rule in nigeria on 29 may, 1999 also signaled the emergence and continued proliferation of vigilante groups, ethnic and sectional militias as well. The rise of militancy in the niger delta region pdf. Although the niger delta has a long history of violence, the situation has gone from. Perhaps the most important overall contribution of. The resurgence of militancy in nigerias oilrich niger delta. Keywords militancy, militant, violence, kidnapping, nigeria.
International reactions and actions on militancy and insurgency in. Negligence in the niger delta amnesty international. Islamic militancy in africa africa center for strategic studies. The article concludes that the pap for the exmilitants in nigeria. Using annual data over the period 19802017, this study applied fully modified ols fmols method of estimation. Using nigeria as a focus, this paper seeks to examine the security challenge posed by the militancy in the niger delta region and the boko haram insurgency in the northern states to the nigerian state. For so many years, the niger delta region has been oppressed by the military and civilian government. An overview of conflict, oil governance, and resistancemilitancy in niger delta. It relied on secondary source such as books, journals, newspaper articles. Comparing boko haram insurgency with niger delta militancy. Political marginalization, repression and petroinsurgency in the niger delta nordic.
Muslim religious extremism, radicalization and militancy in northern nigeria abdalla uba adamu department of mass communications bayero university, kano, nigeria presented at roundtable methodology workshop on religion, conflict and democracy in northern nigeria, organized by centre for peace initiative and development cpid, jos, held at. Dysfunctional social structure and political economy give rise to this problem. Jun 05, 2019 the rise of militancy in the niger delta region pdf abstract. Nigerias oil exports by twenty five percent, and a revenue loss estimated by nigerias federal finance minister, nenadi usman, to be around 4. New wave of militancy in the niger delta pind ndpi 2 the fund for peace rising collective violence comparing boko haram insurgency with niger delta militancy quarterly fatalities by region the above graph contextualizes the scale of fatalities in the north eastern states of nigeria, which continues to battle the boko haram. In this article palash kamruzzaman and ben tantua argue that the cognitive world of militants and militancy in the niger delta is embedded in a complex web of formal and informal interactions with political actors and military elites which give significance and sustenance to the conflict. Oil and youth militancy in nigeria s niger delta region. But the appeal of its light sweet crude may yet herald a brighter future, writes eklavya gupte. Pdf the economic consequence of militancy in the niger delta.
Natural resources are triggering violent conflicts all over the world, the desire to control valuable oil and gas assets, the manner which the resources are being explored and the marginalization of the host communities by both the government and multinational oil companies are the main causes of hostilities in the niger delta. Undoubtedly, nigeria is a monocultural economy that depends mainly on oil. Youth restiveness, militancy and the intractable problems of the niger delta by austin emaduku this lecture was delivered on october 1, 2016, as part of. In nigeria, and indeed across much of africa, the term youth is used to encompass men aged approximately 1540 ifeka 2006. Pragmatic responses to the plight of the populace guarantees public safety. Adetula vao 1996 oil and the people of niger delta. Jun 25, 2012 in nigeria, and indeed across much of africa, the term youth is used to encompass men aged approximately 1540 ifeka 2006. Endpoint report 2015 nigeria united nations development. Article information, pdf download for militancy and violence as a catalyst to. In view of the dire humanitarian consequences of this situation, the article submits that herdsmen militancy constitutes a major threat to human and national security in nigeria. Ethnic militancy and internal terrorism on nigerias national. But unlike previous reports, this one chronicles nigerias.
The boko haram kidnappings and islamist militancy in nigeria habila, helon on. The effect of the cost of militancy and unrest or peace. Counselling strategies for addressing militancy and social. Ethnic militancy and internal terrorism on nigeria s national security 63 afinotan, and ojakorotu, 2009. While understanding the phenomenon of petrocriminality as a critical contradiction of militancy in the niger delta, the paper underscores its impacts and implications visavis national sustainability of nigeria. The severe economic situation exacerbates these tensions. The effects of militancy on development of the nigeria state, largest undergraduate projects repository, research works and materials. Nigeria is in the throes of boko haram terrorism and niger delta militancy. Nigeria had, of course, become an archetypal oil nation.
In the late 1990s, militants in the niger delta region took up arms against the nigerian state. The niger delta environment suddenly got bugged by acts of violence like pipeline vandalism and hostage taking kidnapping for ransom money dode, 2005. Niger delta history pdf niger delta history pdf niger delta history pdf download. Exclusion and peacebuilding in the niger delta of nigeria. Nigeria is a multiethnic society consisting of different ethic nationalities. Pdf download for international reactions and actions on militancy.
The rise in islamic militancy in the sahel, northern nigeria, and the horn of africa has elevated attention to this evolving security concern. The paper essentially examines the bokoharam insurgency in northern nigeria and its contribution to global insecurity. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of poverty, unemployment, inequality, corruption and poor governance on niger delta militancy, boko haram terrorism and fulani herdsmen attacks in nigeria. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as. Introduction the growth and development of countries are to a large extent directly related to their socio. Nigeria plays a key role in addressing regional peace and security issues through the economic community of west african states ecowas. Sep 28, 2016 africa nigeria oil the author is jennifer cooke jennifer cooke is director of the csis africa program, where she manages a range of projects on political, economic, and security dynamics in africa, providing research and analysis to u. They estimated the rate of private ownership of guns in nigeria at 1. The researchers then develop the theoretical framework they used to analyze the cost of militancy and unrest or peace accounting on the productivity of firms in nigeria the nigerdelta case. By terje ostebo november 30, 2012 download this brief as a pdf. Trends and patterns of boko haram terrorist and militants. Africa nigeria oil the author is jennifer cooke jennifer cooke is director of the csis africa program, where she manages a range of projects on political, economic, and security dynamics in africa, providing research and analysis to u. Ethnic militancy and internal terrorism on nigerias national security 63 afinotan, and ojakorotu, 2009.
Ethnic militancy and internal terrorism on nigerias national security, international journal of development and conflict, gokhale. Download fulltext pdf vexation and militancy in the niger delta. The unfortunate carnage snowballed into the nigerian civil war of 1967 1970. Download undergraduate projects topics and materials accounting, economics, education. The niger delta militancy and boko haram insurgency pose the greatest security threat to nigeria since the end of the civil war in 1970. Army command and general staff college in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree master of military art and science general studies by fredrick c.
Pdf this paper tells the stories based on empirical evidence in niger delta. Throughout the last decade or so nigeria has supplied around 810% on average of us oil imports and within a decade, as the deepwater fields are exploited and as new reserves are discovered, nigeria could be producing annually far in excess of venezuela or kuwait. Renewed attacks by new militant groups in nigerias oilrich niger delta region since the beginning of 2016 have reduced nigerias oil production to a 22year low. Oil and youth militancy in nigerias niger delta regionjournal of. Mdg report that nigeria would be presenting since the world leaders adopted the millennium declaration in 2000. Ondo community notorious for kidnapping, militancy. The rise of militancy in the niger delta region pdf abstract. The politics of biafra and future of nigeria download ebook. The fund for peace new wave of militancy in the niger delta. Oil and youth militancy in nigerias niger delta region oluwatoyin. The history of the nigerian army and the implications for the future of nigeria a thesis presented to the faculty of the u. Chevron nigeria received reports that at about 11pm wednesday 4th of may, 2016 their okan valve platform o. Youth unemployment, poverty and social exclusion as predictors are on the rise.
Pdf the history of nigeria is blighted by ferocious conflicts since her. This research work examines the effect of militancy on the development of the nigeria states. The paper submits that, the operation of true federalism and good governance in nigeria has to be accomplished by meaningful devolution of powers. This paper explores the nexus between militancy and prevalence of petrocriminality in the niger delta. This book explores the disturbing dimensions of the problem of insecurity in nigeria, such as herdsmen violence, the boko haram insurgency, cybercrime, militancy in the niger delta, communal conflict and violence, as well as police corruption. The resurgence of militancy in the region, has now become a major security concern. It is a culturally significant term, denoting those that have not yet reached full adulthood, and nigerian youth will often have separate youth associations in local communities which are not deemed part of formal community structures hrw 2005. The report tells a nigeriaspecific story of the implementation of the mdgs just as the previous ones did. Militancy and violence as a catalyst to kidnapping in nigeria eke. Nwogwugwu, ngozi, alao olatunji emmanuel and egwuonwu, clara abstract the niger delta region of nigeria, reputed to be one of the most richly endowed deltas in the world, contributes about 80% of nigerias national wealth. The frequent attacks on oil installations and facilities by militant groups in the region have become a source of concern to peace lovers, scholars and policy makers alike. International reactions and actions on militancy and. The history of nigeria since the creation of the colonial state in 1914 by the british and the postindependence is replete with cases of militarised groups threatening the very existence of the nigerian state and its people.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Nigerias oil sector is mired in economic stagnation, stalled reforms and a risk of rising militancy. Oil and youth militancy in nigerias niger delta region. The article attempts to unpick some of the motivations and dynamics at work. The phenomena of militancy and insurgencies are not new to nigeria. The way forward article pdf available in journal of human ecology delhi, india 292. Herdsmen militancy and humanitarian crisis in nigeria. Internal security management in nigeria download ebook pdf.
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